Sample Fn-F7 script
This guide will help you configure Fn-F7 key combination to toggle between internal, mirror, external, or both screens. This was tested on ThinkPad X60s running Fedora 8, please comment if it works or does not work for you.
Works like a charm on X61s with Xubuntu 7.10. Working with R60e with some modifications noted below.
Contents
configuring the virtual screen size
Add a "Virtual" statement to your /etc/X11/xorg.conf, the total resolution should be large enough to fit all your screens in the configuration you want, for example if you have 1600x1200 monitor to the left of your internal 1024x768 monitor, your total max resolution is 2624x1200 (See Xorg RandR 1.2 for more details):
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Videocard0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
Virtual 2624 1200
EndSubSection
EndSection
Restart X server at this point (i.e. logout and login).
configuring acpi
Create /etc/acpi/events/thinkpad.conf:
event=ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001007 action=/usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7
or you may (eg Ubuntu 7.10) already have /etc/acpi/events/ibm-videobtn
# /etc/acpi/events/ibm-videobtn # This is called when the user presses the video button. It is currently # a placeholder. event=ibm/hotkey HKEY 00000080 00001007 action=/bin/true
in which case modify the line 'action=/bin/true' to run the script as above.
It may also be necessary to enable acpi events as per How to get special keys to work with (in root terminal)
# echo enable,0x084e > /proc/acpi/ibm/hotkey
Note this command isn't persistent. so you will also need to add the line to /etc/rc.local to enable hotkeys at boot, and to re-enable the hotkeys after suspend to disk or RAM, create the file
/etc/acpi/resume.d/91-ibm-hotkey-enable.sh consisting of
#!/bin/bash # enable ibm-hotkeys (specifically Fn2, Fn7) # 12 bit mask, little end is F1 default 0x080c = F12+F4+F3 echo enable,0x084e > /proc/acpi/ibm/hotkey
ref: [frosch.org.uk] and [ibm-acpi.sourceforge]
identify output devices
Note the names of your output devices as you will have to change EXTERNAL_OUTPUT and INTERNAL_OUTPUT to what xrandr shows, for example VGA and LVDS in this case:
$ xrandr -q VGA connected 1600x1200+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 432mm x 324mm ... LVDS connected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
The bash script
Create /usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7, you can set EXTERNAL_LOCATION to one of: left, right, above, or below.
#!/bin/bash
# External output may be "VGA" or "VGA-0" or "DVI-0"
EXTERNAL_OUTPUT="VGA"
INTERNAL_OUTPUT="LVDS"
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="left"
# Figure out which user and X11 display to work on
# TODO there has to be a better way to do this?
X_USER=$(w -h -s | grep ":[0-9]" | head -1 | awk '{print $1}')
export DISPLAY=$(w -h -s | grep ":[0-9]" | head -1 | awk '{print $3}')
# Switch to X user if necessary
if [ "$X_USER" != "$USER" ]; then
SU="su $X_USER -c"
fi
case "$EXTERNAL_LOCATION" in
left|LEFT)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
right|RIGHT)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--right-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
top|TOP|above|ABOVE)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--above $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
bottom|BOTTOM|below|BELOW)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--below $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
*)
EXTERNAL_LOCATION="--left-of $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
;;
esac
# Figure out current state
INTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$INTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep con | sed "s/.*connected //" | sed "s/(.*//")
EXTERNAL_STATE=$($SU xrandr | grep ^$EXTERNAL_OUTPUT | grep con | sed "s/.*connected //" | sed "s/(.*//")
if [ -z "$INTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="external"
elif [ -z "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="internal"
else
INTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $INTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//")
EXTERNAL_STATE=$(echo $EXTERNAL_STATE | sed "s/[0-9]*x[0-9]*//")
if [ "$INTERNAL_STATE" = "$EXTERNAL_STATE" ]; then
STATE="mirror"
else
STATE="both"
fi
fi
function screen_external(){
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --off"
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
}
function screen_internal(){
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --off"
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
}
function screen_mirror(){
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto --same-as $INTERNAL_OUTPUT"
}
function screen_both(){
$SU "xrandr --output $INTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto"
$SU "xrandr --output $EXTERNAL_OUTPUT --auto $EXTERNAL_LOCATION"
}
function screen_toggle(){
case "$STATE" in
internal)
screen_mirror
;;
mirror)
screen_external
;;
external)
screen_both
;;
both)
screen_internal
;;
*)
screen_internal
;;
esac
}
# What should we do?
DO="$1"
if [ -z "$DO" ]; then
if [ $(basename $0) = "thinkpad-fn-f7" ]; then
DO="toggle"
fi
fi
case "$DO" in
toggle)
screen_toggle
;;
internal)
screen_internal
;;
external)
screen_external
;;
mirror)
screen_mirror
;;
both)
screen_both
;;
status)
echo "Current Fn-F7 state is: $STATE"
echo
echo "Attached monitors:"
$SU xrandr | grep "\Wconnected" | sed "s/^/ /"
;;
*)
echo "usage: $0 <command>" >&2
echo >&2
echo " commands:" >&2
echo " status" >&2
echo " internal" >&2
echo " external" >&2
echo " mirror" >&2
echo " both" >&2
echo " toggle" >&2
echo >&2
;;
esac
set permissions and restart acpi
As root, or using sudo run the following commands,
$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7$ sudo service acpid restartOR$ sudo /etc/init.d/acpid restart
You should be ready to go, just press Fn-F7 to try.
Alternative script using .Xauthority rather than su
Use this script as an alternative
action=/usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh
for /etc/acpi/events/ibm-videobtn
#!/bin/bash
# usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh
# based on /etc/acpi/screenblank.sh (Ubuntu 7.10)
#
# . /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs # for getXuser
umask 022;
PATH="$PATH:/usr/bin/X11"
getXuser() {
user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum " | awk '{print $1}'`
if [ x"$user" = x"" ]; then
user=`finger| grep -m1 ":$displaynum" | awk '{print $1}'`
fi
if [ x"$user" != x"" ]; then
userhome=`getent passwd $user | cut -d: -f6`
export XAUTHORITY=$userhome/.Xauthority
else
export XAUTHORITY=""
fi
}
# end of getXuser from /usr/share/acpi-support/power-funcs
#
for x in /tmp/.X11-unix/*; do
displaynum=`echo $x | sed s#/tmp/.X11-unix/X##`
getXuser;
if [ x"$XAUTHORITY" != x"" ]; then
export DISPLAY=":$displaynum"
## . /usr/share/acpi-support/screenblank.sh
/usr/local/bin/toggle.py
fi
done
Each user has an ~/.Xauthority file with one line for each X display containing a 'magic cookie' (Run $ xauth list to see the contents). The Xserver reads the record in ~/.Xauthority matching its display. When an X client application starts it also looks for that record and passes the magic cookie to the server. If it matches, the connection to the Xserver is allowed. The above example runs the python script below but could run a modified version of /usr/local/sbin/thinkpad-fn-f7 without the USER, and DISPLAY detection SU commands.
A Python Toggle script
This is a somewhat over-elaborate script which could be cut down when run by the /usr/local/sbin/toggle-display.sh script above. It was written to explore all the possibilities rather than economy of execution. The functions 'toggle_full', 'position', 'toggle_limited' and the OptionParser in 'main' may be omitted with suitable changes to function7. The appropriate outputs can be specified on the command line and it is not necessary to call it via acpi.
eg you can run it as $ /usr/local/bin/toggle.py --help
#! /usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # stinkpad(a)blueyonder.co.uk 2007-11-26 """Toggle internal and external displays (equivalent to ThinkPad Fn7) Simple; cloned: on+off, on+on, off+on. Full; as simple plus xinerama: right, below, left, above. Limited; as full but display will overlap if virtual screen is too small. Use 'xrandr -q' to determine output names. Further information: http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Xorg_RandR_1.2 """ __usage__ = "usage: %prog [--help]|[[-i internal][-e external][-d displays]]" __version__ = "toggle [djclark.eu 2007-11-26]" # # Output names; Intel: LVDS VGA TV TMDS-1 TMDS-2 # ATI: LVDS VGA-0 S-video DVI-0 LAPTOP = 'LVDS' MONITOR = 'VGA' SEQUENCE = 'simple' # import sys import os import re
# "LVDS connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right) 304mm x 228mm" REGEX_OUTPUT = re.compile(r (?x) # ignore whitespace ^ # start of string (?P<output>[A-Za-z0-9\-]*)[ ] # LVDS VGA etc (?P<connect>(dis)?connected)[ ] # dis/connected (( # a group (?P<width>\d+)x # either 1024x768+0+0 (?P<height>\d+)[+] (?P<horizontal>\d+)[+] (?P<vertical>\d+) )|[\D]) # or not a digit .* # ignore rest of line ) # "Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 768, maximum 2624 x 1968" REGEX_SCREEN = re.compile(r (?x) # ignore whitespace ^ # start of string Screen[ ] (?P<screen>\d)[: ]+ minimum[ ] (?P<minWidth>\d+)[ x]+ (?P<minHeight>\d+)[, ]+ current[ ]+ (?P<curWidth>\d+)[ x]+ (?P<curHeight>\d+)[, ]+ maximum[ ]+ (?P<maxWidth>\d+)[ x]+ (?P<maxHeight>\d+) )
def toggle_simple(d0, d1):
"""Toggle display states: on+off, on+on, off+on"""
if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged
return ('auto','off',) # switch off external
if d1['width'] is 0: # external off
return ('auto','auto',) # both on
if d0['width'] is 0: # laptop off
return ('auto','off',) # laptop on
return ('off','auto',) # both on, laptop off
def toggle_full(d0, d1):
"""Toggle display states: 1+0, 1+1, 0+1, 1+E, 1+S, 1+W, 1+N"""
if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged
return ('auto','off',) # switch off external
place = '--%s ' + d0['output']
if d1['width'] == 0: # external off
return ('auto','auto',place%'same-as') # external on
if d0['width'] == 0: # laptop off
return ('auto','off',) # laptop on
if d1['horizontal'] > 0: # external to right
return ('auto','auto',place%'below') # make below
if d1['vertical'] > 0: # external below
return ('auto','auto',place%'left-of') # make left
if d0['horizontal'] > 0: # external left
return ('auto','auto',place%'above') # make above
if d0['vertical'] > 0: # external above
return ('off','auto',) # laptop off
return ('auto','auto',place%'right-of') # is same, make right
def position(orientation, da, db, screen):
"""Calculate offset position of second display"""
p = 'auto --pos %sx%s'
if orientation == 'V':
if (da['height'] + db['height']) <= screen['maxHeight']:
return p%(0, da['height'])
return p%(0, screen['maxHeight'] - db['height'])
else:
if (da['width'] + db['width']) <= screen['maxWidth']:
return p%(da['width'],0)
return p%(screen['maxWidth'] - db['width'],0)
def toggle_limited(d0, d1, sz):
"""Toggle display states (overlapped): 1+0,1+1,0+1,1+E,1+S,1+W,1+N"""
if d1['connect'] == 'disconnected': # external unplugged
return ('auto','off') # switch off external
if d1['width'] == 0: # external off
return ('auto --pos 0x0','auto --pos 0x0') # both on
if d0['width'] == 0: # laptop off
return ('auto --pos 0x0','off') # laptop on
if d1['horizontal'] > 0: # external to right
return ('auto --pos 0x0',position('V',d0,d1,sz)) # put *below
if d1['vertical'] > 0: # external below
return (position('H',d1,d0,sz),'auto --pos 0x0') # put *left
if d0['horizontal'] > 0: # external left
return (position('V',d1,d0,sz),'auto --pos 0x0') # put *above
if d0['vertical'] > 0: # external above
return ('off','auto --pos 0x0') # laptop off
return ('auto --pos 0x0',position('H',d0,d1,sz)) # both, put*right
class DisplayNameError(UnboundLocalError): """Internal or External Display Name not found by xrandr -q """
def function7(disp0=LAPTOP, disp1=MONITOR, seq=SEQUENCE):
"""Use xrandr to read current display state and change state"""
for line in os.popen('xrandr -q').read().splitlines():
if line.startswith(disp0,0) :
d0_state = REGEX_OUTPUT.match(line).groupdict()
elif line.startswith(disp1,0):
d1_state = REGEX_OUTPUT.match(line).groupdict()
elif line.startswith('Screen',0):
screen_size = REGEX_SCREEN.match(line).groupdict()
else:
pass
for i in ('width','height','horizontal','vertical'):
try:
d0_state[i] = int(d0_state[i])
except TypeError:
d0_state[i] = 0
except UnboundLocalError:
raise DisplayNameError, 'Internal Display: %s not found'% disp0
try:
d1_state[i] = int(d1_state[i])
except TypeError:
d1_state[i] = 0
except UnboundLocalError:
raise DisplayNameError, 'External Display: %s not found'% disp1
for i in screen_size.keys():
try:
screen_size[i] = int(screen_size[i])
except TypeError:
screen_size[i] = 0
#
toggle = toggle_simple
xrandr ='xrandr --output '+disp0+' --%s --output '+disp1+' --%s %s'
if seq == 'full':
toggle = toggle_full
if seq == 'limited':
toggle = toggle_limited
xrandr ='xrandr --output '+disp0+' --%s --output '+disp1+' --%s'
os.popen(xrandr % toggle(d0_state, d1_state, screen_size))
else:
os.popen(xrandr % toggle(d0_state, d1_state))
def main():
""" Command line options """
global LAPTOP,MONITOR,SEQUENCE
from optparse import OptionParser
p = OptionParser(usage=__usage__, version=__version__, description=__doc__)
p.set_defaults(internal=LAPTOP, external=MONITOR, displays=SEQUENCE)
p.add_option('-i','--internal', dest="internal", metavar=LAPTOP,
help="internal display")
p.add_option('-e','--external', dest="external", metavar=MONITOR,
help="external display")
p.add_option('-d','--displays', dest="displays", action="store",
choices=('simple', 'limited', 'full'), metavar=SEQUENCE,
help='simple/limited/full')
(opt, args) = p.parse_args()
try:
function7(opt.internal, opt.external, opt.displays)
except DisplayNameError, err:
print '\n'+str(err)+'\n'
print os.popen('xrandr -q').read()
#
if __name__ == '__main__': #only when run from cmd line
main()
